| Summary points: | A 67-year-old with diabetes mellitus, chronic cystitis, and haematuria develops sudden onset of dyspnoea, tachypnoea, cyanosis, fever, profuse diaphoresis and hypoxemia 40 minutes after receiving 2 units of red blood cells. This case report describes the results of various diagnostic tests, the approach to management, and outcome, and includes various images. The authors discuss potential causes and pathogenesis of acute lung injury after blood transfusion, diagnosis and treatment. |