| Summary points: | A 26-year-old female at 14 weeks gestation presents with a complex cystic renal mass. Analysis of histology, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation are described; images provided. The authors discuss the variety of gross and histological appearances of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and heterogeneity within the tumour and emphasise the importance of performing cytogenetic analysis, including the TFE3 immunostain, for RCCs with unusual features and for all RCCs in young patients. |